类别	技术栈
后端框架	Spring Boot 3.x
数据库	MySQL 8.0 + MyBatis-Plus
前端	Thymeleaf/Vue 3
权限管理	Spring Security
构建工具	Maven/Gradle
其他工具	Swagger 3（API文档）

二、系统功能模块

学生管理

增删改查学生信息（学号、姓名、性别、班级等）
批量导入/导出Excel数据

班级管理

创建/删除班级
班级人数统计

课程管理

课程信息维护（课程编号、名称、学分）

成绩管理

录入/修改学生成绩
成绩排名与统计分析

用户权限

管理员（全功能）
教师（管理课程和成绩）
学生（查看个人信息和成绩）

三、数据库设计（核心表）

-- 学生表
CREATE TABLE student (
    student_id VARCHAR(20) PRIMARY KEY COMMENT '学号',
    name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    gender ENUM('M','F') NOT NULL,
    birth_date DATE,
    class_id INT,
    FOREIGN KEY (class_id) REFERENCES class(class_id)
);

-- 班级表
CREATE TABLE class (
    class_id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    class_name VARCHAR(50) UNIQUE,
    head_teacher VARCHAR(50)
);

-- 课程表
CREATE TABLE course (
    course_id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    course_name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    credit FLOAT NOT NULL
);

-- 成绩表
CREATE TABLE score (
    score_id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    student_id VARCHAR(20),
    course_id INT,
    score FLOAT CHECK (score BETWEEN 0 AND 100),
    FOREIGN KEY (student_id) REFERENCES student(student_id),
    FOREIGN KEY (course_id) REFERENCES course(course_id)
);

-- 用户表（Spring Security）
CREATE TABLE user (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    username VARCHAR(50) UNIQUE,
    password VARCHAR(100),
    role ENUM('ADMIN','TEACHER','STUDENT')
);

四、核心代码实现

1. 实体类（JPA）

@Entity
@Table(name = "student")
public class Student {
    @Id
    private String studentId;
    private String name;
    private String gender;
    private LocalDate birthDate;

    @ManyToOne
    @JoinColumn(name = "class_id")
    private Class classInfo;
}

@Entity
@Table(name = "score")
public class Score {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Integer scoreId;

    @ManyToOne
    @JoinColumn(name = "student_id")
    private Student student;

    @ManyToOne
    @JoinColumn(name = "course_id")
    private Course course;

    private Double score;
}

2. Service层（业务逻辑）

@Service
public class StudentService {
    @Autowired
    private StudentMapper studentMapper;

    public Page<Student> getStudentsByPage(int pageNum, int pageSize, String keyword) {
        Page<Student> page = Page.of(pageNum, pageSize);
        QueryWrapper<Student> wrapper = new QueryWrapper<>();
        if (StringUtils.hasText(keyword)) {
            wrapper.like("name", keyword).or().eq("student_id", keyword);
        }
        return studentMapper.selectPage(page, wrapper);
    }
}

3. Controller层（REST API）

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/students")
public class StudentController {
    @Autowired
    private StudentService studentService;

    @GetMapping
    @PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")
    public ResponseEntity<PageResult<Student>> getStudents(
            @RequestParam(defaultValue = "1") int page,
            @RequestParam(defaultValue = "10") int size,
            @RequestParam(required = false) String keyword) {
        Page<Student> data = studentService.getStudentsByPage(page, size, keyword);
        return ResponseEntity.ok(PageResult.success(data));
    }
}

4. 安全配置（Spring Security）

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
public class SecurityConfig {
    @Bean
    public SecurityFilterChain filterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http
            .authorizeHttpRequests(auth -> auth
                .requestMatchers("/api/admin/**").hasRole("ADMIN")
                .requestMatchers("/api/teacher/**").hasAnyRole("ADMIN", "TEACHER")
                .anyRequest().authenticated()
            )
            .formLogin(form -> form
                .loginPage("/login")
                .permitAll()
            )
            .logout(logout -> logout
                .logoutSuccessUrl("/login?logout")
            );
        return http.build();
    }
}

五、前端实现要点（Vue示例）

<template>
  <div>
    <el-table :data="students">
      <el-table-column prop="studentId" label="学号"></el-table-column>
      <el-table-column prop="name" label="姓名"></el-table-column>
      <el-table-column label="操作">
        <template #default="scope">
          <el-button @click="editStudent(scope.row)">编辑</el-button>
        </template>
      </el-table-column>
    </el-table>
  </div>
</template>

<script setup>
import { ref, onMounted } from 'vue';
import axios from 'axios';

const students = ref([]);

const loadData = async () => {
  const res = await axios.get('/api/students');
  students.value = res.data;
};

onMounted(() => {
  loadData();
});
</script>